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發表於 2019-2-4 14:48:47
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小弟英文差 ... 終於翻譯完 , 看完 ...
in the metal conductor , the positively charged particles are fixed in place , whereas the negatively charged particles , called electrons,are free to move around.
在金屬導體中，帶正電的顆粒固定在適當的位置，而帶負電的顆粒，稱為電子，可以自由移動。
a metal typically has an equal amount of positively and negatively charged particles , making the metal as a whole electrically neutral.
金屬通常具有等量的帶正電和帶負電的顆粒，使得金屬整體上是電中性的。
If we apply a force trying to push extra electrons into this metal plate, we will not be successful, because particles with the same charge repel one another.
如果我們施加一股力量試圖將額外的電子推入這個金屬板，我們就不會成功，因為具有相同電荷的粒子相互排斥
If extra electrons accumulate inside the metal plate, they will repel each other and repel any the new electrons trying to enter.
如果額外的電子在金屬板內積聚，它們將相互排斥並排斥任何試圖進入的新電子。
Therefore, even if we apply a force, the metal will remain electrically neutral.
因此，即使我們施加力，金屬也將保持電中性。
Now, let us consider a new scenario where there is another metal plate close to the one shown.
現在，讓我們考慮一個新的場景，其中有另一個金屬板接近顯示的那個。
As electrons accumulate in the first metal plate, they will repel the electrons in the second metal plate.
隨著電子在第一金屬板中累積，它們將排斥第二金屬板中的電子。
The positively charged particles left behind in the second plate will exert an attractive force on the negatively charged particles in the first metal plate.
留在第二板中的帶正電粒子將對第一金屬板中的帶負電粒子施加吸引力。
This makes it possible for the first plate to have more negative particles than positive particles.
這使得第一板具有比正粒子更多的負粒子成為可能。
As we add electrons to the first metal plate, an equal number of electrons leave the second metal plate.
當我們向第一個金屬板添加電子時，相同數量的電子離開第二個金屬板。
After a certain number of extra electrons accumulate on the first plate, they will repel any new electrons trying to enter.
在第一塊板上積累了一定數量的額外電子後，它們將排斥任何試圖進入的新電子。
The first metal plate has developed a net negative charge, and the second metal plate has developed an equal and opposite net positive charge.
第一金屬板產生淨負電荷，第二金屬板產生相等且相反的淨正電荷。
We can cause this equal and opposite charge on each plate to be larger by applying a larger external force.
通過施加更大的外力，我們可以使每個板上的這種相等和相反的電荷更大。
If we remove the external force we are applying, the extra electrons in the first metal plate will continue to repel one another.
如果我們移除我們正在施加的外力，第一個金屬板中的額外電子將繼續相互排斥。
We have now returned to our original condition where the net charge on each plate is zero.
我們現在恢復到原來的狀態，每塊板上的淨電荷為零。
The two metal plates are what we call a capacitor.
兩塊金屬板就是我們所說的電容器。
Note: Voltage is shown "upside down" in this video because the blue arrows will show electron flow.
注意：此視頻中的電壓顯示為“顛倒”，因為藍色箭頭將顯示電子流。
By briefly connecting the capacitor to a battery as shown, the two plates have developed equal and opposite charges.
如圖所示，通過簡單地將電容器連接到電池，兩個極板產生相等和相反的電荷。
If we then connect the capacitor across the light bulb, all the extra electrons in the negatively charged plate will move, to the positively charged plate through the light bulb.
如果我們然後將電容器連接到燈泡上，則帶負電的板中的所有額外電子將通過燈泡移動到帶正電的板上。
If we use multiple batteries in series, then we can force the two plates of the capacitor to develop larger amounts of charge.
如果我們串聯使用多個電池，那麼我們可以強制電容器的兩個極板產生更大量的電荷。
When the capacitor is charged, its voltage will be the sum of the voltages of all the batteries.
當電容器充電時，其電壓將是所有電池的電壓之和。
Charging the capacitor to a higher voltage will cause the light bulb to stay on longer when the capacitor discharges.
將電容器充電到更高的電壓將導致燈泡在電容器放電時保持更長時間。
Now suppose that we increase the areas of the two metal plates.
現在假設我們增加了兩塊金屬板的面積。
This increased area allows us to push more extra electrons into the first metal plate, and remove more electrons from the second metal plate, without applying a larger external force.
這個增加的面積允許我們將更多的額外電子推入第一金屬板，並從第二金屬板移除更多電子，而不施加更大的外力。
When a larger capacitor is connected to our battery, it will take longer for the capacitor to charge to the voltage of the battery.
當一個較大的電容器連接到我們的電池時，電容器充電到電池電壓需要更長的時間。
Although the final voltage is still equal to the voltage of the battery, for a larger capacitor, this voltage represents a larger amount of charge on the two metal plates.
儘管最終電壓仍然等於電池的電壓，但對於更大的電容器，該電壓表示兩個金屬板上的更大量的電荷。
The larger capacitor will take longer to discharge through the light bulb, thereby allowing the light bulb to stay on longer.
較大的電容器需要更長的時間才能通過燈泡放電，從而使燈泡可以保持更長時間。
Suppose that we add a special material in between the two plates.
假設我們在兩個板之間添加了一種特殊材料。
This material does not allow any particles to flow through it, but it contains molecules that change their orientation based on the charges on the two plates.
這種材料不允許任何顆粒流過它，但它含有根據兩個板上的電荷改變其取向的分子。
These molecules exert forces that attract more electrons to the negative plate, and that repel more electrons from the positive plate.
這些分子施加的力將更多的電子吸引到負極板上，並從正極板中排斥更多的電子。
The presence of this material has the exact same effect as does increasing the areas of the two metal plates.
這種材料的存在與增加兩塊金屬板的面積具有完全相同的效果。
This allows the two plates to develop larger net charges, for the same amount of applied voltage.
這允許兩個板在相同的施加電壓下產生更大的淨電荷。
When we increase the area of the two plates or add this special material, we say that we have increased the "capacitance of the capacitor.
當我們增加兩塊板的面積或添加這種特殊材料時，我們說我們增加了“電容器的電容。
There is also a third way to increase the capacitance of a capacitor.
還有第三種方法來增加電容器的電容。
This is by moving the two metal plates closer together.
這是通過將兩個金屬板移近一起來實現的。
Because the two plates are now closer together, they exert greater forces on each other's electrons.
因為這兩塊板現在更靠近在一起，它們對彼此的電子施加更大的力。
This attracts more electrons to the negative plate and d repels more electrons from the positive plate, allowing the two plates to develop larger net charges, for the same amount of applied voltage.
這吸引更多電子到負極板並且d從正極板排斥更多電子，允許兩個極板產生更大的淨電荷，用於相同量的施加電壓。
This has the same effect as inserting the special material, and as increasing the areas of the metal plates.
這與插入特殊材料和增加金屬板的面積具有相同的效果。
To create the largest capacitance possible, we want to make the areas of the plates as large as possible, insert the special material in between the plates, and move the two plates as close together as possible.
為了產生盡可能大的電容，我們希望使板的面積盡可能大，將特殊材料插入板之間，並儘可能地將兩個板移動到一起。
The larger the capacitance, the more energy will be stored for the same amount of voltage.
電容越大，相同電壓下的能量就越多。
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發表於 2019-2-2 19:43:45
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